铅锌矿海运国内该怎么操作？进口铅锌精矿海关清关查验检验？

铅锌精矿海运进口全流程｜海关清关与查验检验（中英双语）

基础信息 Basic Information

铅精矿 HS：2607000090；锌精矿 HS：2608000090 Lead ConcentrateHS:2607000090; Zinc Concentrate HS:2608000090 监管方式：0110一般贸易；适用【先放后检】政策（海关总署2018年134号公告）；自2023-09-01起，品质检验依企业申请（海关总署2023年108号公告），但放射性筛查、固废排查、外来夹杂物检疫为强制必检项目Modeof Declaration: 0110 General Trade. Eligible for ReleaseFirst, Inspection Later (GACC Announcement 134/2018).Starting from 01-Sep-2023, lab test is uponapplicant’s request (GACC Announcement 108/2023).Radiation screening, solid waste screening & foreigncontaminants aremandatory.税费：铅精矿关税0%；锌精矿关税1%；统一进口增值税13%，计税基数=CIF+关税Tax:Lead concentrate customs duty 0%; Zinc concentrate customs duty 1%;Uniform import VAT 13%, taxable base = CIF + customsduty必备监管证件：自动进口许可证（O证）（商务部申领，非一批一证，货到港前办结）Mandatory document: Automatic Import Licence (OLicence) issued by MOFCOM, non-one shipment one licence,must be ready before vessel arrival.

一、海运整体操作流程 Full Sea Import Operation Flow

1. 前期商务&资质预审 Pre-shipment Evaluation & DocumentPreparation

1. 国内进口方办理进出口收发货人备案，申领自动进口许可证O证；长协公式定价，提前向海关做公式定价备案Chineseimporter completes customs consignee registration & applies forAutomatic Import Licence (O Licence). Forlong-term formula pricing, file formula pricing record with customsin advance.

2. 与海外矿山签订进口合同，约定品位、水分、有害元素（As/Cd/Hg/Pb）、结算方式、CCIC/第三方检测、滞港责任 Signimport contract with overseas mine, specify grade, moisture,hazardous elements (As/Cd/Hg/Pb), settlement term, third-partyassay & demurrage liability.

3. 海外备货、装船前检测：CNAS放射性检测GB20664、COA成分报告；硫化铅锌精矿属于UN3077九类海洋污染物，做海事危险品申报Pre-shipmenttest at mine: CNAS radiation report GB20664, COA. Lead-Zincsulphide concentrate is UN3077 Class 9 marine pollutant,maritime dangerous goods declaration re

4. 订舱、装柜/散装，出具海运提单B/L；提单、发票、箱单、COA单单一致 Book vessel, load bulk/totecontainer, issue sea B/L. B/L, invoice, packing list & COA must befully consistent.

2. 到港前预审（船到港72小时前）Pre-arrival Review (72hrs before vesselarrival)

代理收齐全套资料，预审归类、审价风险、放射性/固废风险；预约口岸门式辐射检测工位；舱单预申报。 Customs brokercollects all documents, review HS classification, valuation risk,radiation & solid waste risk; book portal radiation inspectionbooth; pre-declare manifest.

3. 到港换单 D/O Exchange after vessel arrival

凭正本/电放提单向船公司换提货单D/O，结清THC、换单费、码头杂费。 Exchange delivery order(D/O) with carrier against original / telex release B/L, settleTHC, DOC & terminal charges.

4. 单一窗口报关+报检 Customs & CI on Single Window

申报0110一般贸易，录入O证编号；上传全套单证；海关审单、审价。 Submit 0110 general tradedeclaration, input O Licence No., upload full documents; customsconduct document review & valuation check.

5. 口岸查验+现场检验检疫 Port Inspection & On-site

✅ 门式放射性筛查（一票否决）Portal radiation screening (one-vote rejection)集装箱过辐射通道，γ剂量率超标直接隔离封存，责令退运；手持仪器复测。 Container passes portalradiation scanner. Excess gamma dose → immediate detention & returnshipment, recheck with handheld detector.

✅ H986 X光机扫描 H986 X-ray scan 排查泥土、尾矿、杂物，固体废物初步筛查。 Detect soil,tailings & foreign debris for preliminary solid wastescreening.

✅ 人工开箱查验（布控触发）Physical inspection (if selected)核对柜号、封条、件数、毛净重、唛头；检查吨袋有无破损漏粉；现场排查杂草种子等外来夹杂物。 Verify container No.,seal, packages, GW/NW & shipping mark; check tote bag for powderleakage; screen weed seeds & foreign contaminants.

两种检验选项（2023.9.1起）Two inspection options: ①需要海关品质证书：现场取样，实验室化验主金属品位、水分、有害元素，出具证书（用于索赔） Apply for customs certificate: on-site sampling, lab test for metal grade,moisture & hazardous elements, issue official certificate (forclaim). ② 不需要海关品质证书：仅做现场放射性、固废排查、检疫，不取样实验室品质化验Noneed for customs certificate: only on-site radiation, solidwaste & check, no sampling for assay.

放行规则 Release Rule铅锌精矿适用先放后检：现场检疫、放射无异常，缴纳增值税后即可提离码头；后续实验室若检出不合格，海关可追溯处置。Lead & zinc concentrate support Release First, InspectionLater: after passed on-site & radiation check &VAT paid, cargo can be lifted from terminal. If lab test failsafterwards, customs has the right to follow up disposal. ⚠️出现放射超标、疑似固废、货证不符，不适用先放后检，扣留待处置⚠️ If radiationover-limit, suspected solid waste or discrepancy between goods &docs, Release First is suspended, cargo detained pendingdisposal.

6. 缴税、放行、提柜配送 Tax Payment, Release & Delivery

缴纳13%进口增值税；海关放行；安排拖车提柜，送入专用矿堆场；代理归档全套报关、税单、检疫资料，用于付汇、财务核算。 Pay13% import VAT; customs release; arrange trucking to mineral yard.Broker file all customs declaration, tax & documents forforeign payment & accounting.

二、全套必备单证 Required Documents

1. 海运提单 Bill of Lading (B/L)

2. 进口合同、商业发票、装箱单 Import Contract, Commercial Invoice, PackingList

3. 自动进口许可证（O证）Automatic Import Licence (O Licence)

4. COA成分分析证书 Certificate ofAnalysis（Pb/Zn品位、水分、As,Hg,Cd,Pb有害元素）

5. CNAS放射性检测报告 GB20664 CNAS Radiation Test Report GB20664

6. MSDS化学品安全说明书 MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)

7. 非固体废物声明 Non-Solid Waste Statement（供应商盖章，证明为选矿精矿，非尾矿矿渣废石）

8. 原产地证 Certificate of Origin（RCEP FORM E可享受关税优惠）

9. 包装声明 Packing Declaration（无木包装 / IPPC木熏蒸）

10. 代理报关委托书、报检委托书 Customs & CIQ Power of Attorney

11. 海事危申报资料（硫化铅锌精矿UN3077）Marine DG declaration docs (sulphidelead-zinc concentrate UN3077)

三、海关检验项目明细 Customs Inspection Items

1. 放射性检测（强制）Radiation Test (Mandatory) γ外照射剂量率，U/Th/Ra核素，依据GB20664Gamma external dose rate, U/Th/Ra radionuclide, GB20664

2. 固体废物排查（强制）Solid Waste Screening (Mandatory)判断是否为尾矿、矿渣、废石；疑似则启动固体废物鉴别，判定固废直接退运 Identify tailings, slag or wasterock. Suspected case triggers solid waste identification; confirmedsolid waste will be returned.

3. 动植物检疫（强制） (Mandatory) 排查杂草种子、土壤、外来有害生物 Screen weedseeds, soil & alien pests.

4. 品质化验（依企业申请） Assay (Upon application)主金属Pb/Zn品位、水分、有害元素As, Hg, Cd, Pb Main Pb/Zn grade, moisture,hazardous elements As, Hg, Cd, Pb

5. 数重量鉴定（企业按需申请）Weight Survey (Optional upon application)

四、重大风险提示 Key Risk Reminders

1. O证必须证等货，不能货到港再补办，缺证直接扣货，产生高额堆存、滞柜费。

   O Licence must be ready before vessel arrival; cannot applyafter cargo arrival. Missing licence causes detention & highstorage / demurrage cost.

2. 放射性超标、判定固体废物，海关直接责令退运，损失往返海运费+码头费用。

   Radiation excess or confirmed solid waste → mandatory returnshipment, loss of ocean freight & terminal charges.

3. 货证不符、品位与COA差异巨大，海关启动审价、估价补税。

   Discrepancy between goods & documents or big grade deviationfrom COA triggers customs valuation & supplementary tax.

4. 硫化铅锌精矿属于UN3077九类海洋污染物，漏做海事危申报会被海事处罚。

   Sulphide lead-zinc concentrate is UN3077 Class9 marinepollutant. Missing maritime DG declaration leads to penalty fromMSA.

5. 先放后检不等于：货物提离口岸后，未拿到合格检验结果前，不可销售冶炼。

   Release First ≠ exemption of inspection. After cargo leavingport, sales & smelting are prohibited before receiving inspection result.

五、埔江国际代理服务 Pujiang International Brokerage Service